Classification of Air Compressors
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Air (or gases) are required at high pressure for many applications e.g. in chemical, industrial and construction field. It is used for operating small pneumatic hand tools in workshop, for fabrication works, and also for paint spraying, mining operations etc.
Pneumatic equipments commonly used in construction are: Road breakers. Jack hammers Wagon drills. Drifters, Backfill tampers, Concrete vibrators. Compressed air is used for various other jobs like spray painting, pneumatic conveyors, pneumatic controls, riveting hammers, air wrenches, pneumatic grinders, sand blasting, running of hoists, grout pumps, drilling rock or other guard formations, operating air motors, hand tools, pile drivers, dewatering pumps etc.
Compressed air has been accepted as more useful power medium and replacing steam, because of following advantages.
i.Compressed air can be transmitted from one point to another with ease.
ii.Use of compressed air is safer.
iii.Pneumatic tools are lighter than similar ones using steam.
iv.The tools using compressed air do not overheat in use and are cheaper and easy to maintain.
Classification
Air compressor is a machine used to increase the pressure of air by reducing its volume. A compressed air system consists of the air compressor with prime- mover, suction line with air cleaner, inter- cooler, after coolers, receiver and safety valve. Air compressors can be classified as follows:
i.Positive displacement or non-positive displacement type.
ii.Single stage or multistage.
iii.Portable or stationary.
In positive displacement compressors, air is pressurized with in a closed space. These are mainly reciprocating or rotary type. In the reciprocating air compressors air is pressurized by a piston in a confined space of a cylinder. Whereas in the rotary air compressors pressurizing is done by positive action of rotating blades moving in a casing. The pressure developed by rotary compressors is limited to 7.5 kg/sq. M or less. There are used for larger volumes at medium pressures.
Rot dynamic compressors are non-positive displacement compressors and centrifugal compressors are the main rot dynamic compressors. There centrifugal compressors may be radial flow, axial flow or mixed flow type. In these compressors the air is compressed by dynamic action of the rotating vanes or impellers which impart velocity and pressure to the air while flowing through the casing.
Staging in the air compressor is done for increasing the capacity (i.e. quantity of air) or the pressure rating. Volumetric capacity of the compressors can be increased by compounding the cylinders in parallel. The pressure rating is increased by compounding them in series, this is generally termed as multi-staging. Intercoolers are provided between the high pressure and low pressure units of the compressors when multi-stage compression is employed.
Portable compressors are mounted on trollies, having two wheel or four wheel, depending upon the size of the compressor, and can be hauled from one place to another place, whereas stationary compressors are installed on permanent foundations. These are used where large volumes of air is required for a considerably long period of time.
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Author Resource:-
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By :
joseph perez
Submitted
2012-02-08 13:47:34 |
Article From Article Mayhem
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