International Science and Technology Show Multi-polarization Trend
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After the era of the international financial crisis, the world economy is still in turmoil, adjustment, global science and technology is also changing the competitive landscape. Scientific and technological strength of emerging economies growing, a greater emphasis on scientific and technological power of traditional scientific and technological innovation, growing toward a multipolar system of international science and technology development.
Multi-polarization trend showing
Since the 90s of the 20th century, with the rise of emerging powers and economic globalization, wealth and power from the West to the East showing the historic transfer of developed and developing countries continued to narrow the gap between the national, multi-polar world competition increasingly clear trend. At the same time, the center of science, technology and innovation have gradually from the West to the East, science and technology competition show multipolar trend. The European Union in September 2009 issued a research report "World in 2025: the rise of Asia and the social - ecological change" predicted by 2025, Asian countries, particularly China and India will become the technological power, the importance of the world power.
In fact, in recent years, China, India, Brazil, Russia and other emerging countries in the rapidly changing world as a multipolar world, the growth pole, the contribution to world science and technology overall upward trend. The number of outputs from the Scientific Papers, China, India, Brazil, South Korea, Iran and other countries increased rapidly in recent years, the number of scientific papers, while the United States, Japan and European countries, the total number of scientific papers showed the trend of relative decline, particularly decline in Japan the most obvious. Relative to the R & D investment growth in the emerging economies grow more rapidly patent output, while output growth in developed countries the relative decline in the patent. Emerging countries are also increasingly becoming the center of innovation activities, innovation is growing. According to the World Economic Forum in September 2010 latest Global Competitiveness Report, South Korea, China, Brazil, Indonesia, India and Russia are to enhance the innovative capability.
United States and Japan still led
Despite the macroeconomic imbalances and other problems of uncertainty, but the United States, Japan and Europe, many countries are still highest in the world competitiveness rankings list in the forefront, and its overall competitiveness has not really decreased. In technology, currently dominate the western developed countries still have significant advantages.
Output of scientific papers from the point of view, according to Thomson Reuters data in the United States 1999-2008, 10 years, the U.S. share of world total proportion of scientific papers from 30.72% in 1999 fell to 26.59% in 2008, but species decline is a relative term, in 2008 the United States the number of scientific papers published and the proportion of the total of the world's paper is still highest in the world list, the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, France, Italy, Canada, Spain and other traditional technology power output of scientific papers are in the world's top ten list. Emerging countries, only China and South Korea's output of scientific papers among the top ten in the world, but according to the paper cited the situation analysis, except for a few areas, hard to Japan, America and Europe compared to the traditional technological power. Group of Eight and the European Union of 15 countries of the world's paper highly cited papers (in all areas of the world's top 1% of papers) 98% of the total. America's most influential scientific papers, the papers in science and technology the most citations, the number of highly cited papers are the most.
View from the patent activities, the United States, Japan and Europe and other developed countries and regions have outstanding performance, particularly in the United States and Japan was the most prominent. European patent applications accounted for the proportion of the world declined in recent years (between 2000-2005 fell by 14.2%), especially China and South Korea in recent years the rapid growth in patent applications, European patent dominance be marginalized. 2008 PCT (Patent Cooperation Treaty) patent applications total 163,600, an increase of more than 2.3% in 2007. PCT patent application U.S. accounted for 32.7% of the total. In addition, the developed countries maintain a patent is greatly residents ahead of the developing countries. Over the past 20 years in the world authorized by all patents, there are 6.3 million in 2007 are still valid. Residents of the United States and Japan to maintain the 6.3 million patents in 47%.
High-tech products in international trade over the past 10 years, the most viable elements. United States and Japan in the global economy's overall competitiveness largely depends on their competitiveness in high technology. 1997-2007, the United States, Japan and Europe, the growth of high-tech exports in most countries very rapidly. United States, Japan, Ireland, Hungary, Switzerland, Germany, Britain and other countries are mainly high-tech manufacturing exports and the high-tech exports. Switzerland, Iceland, the United States and other countries in the global high-tech manufacturing excellence, making the high-tech trade performance of these countries as the trade surplus. In addition, due to non-OECD countries, especially in emerging economies, information and communication technology (ICT) products and the rapid growth of trade in services, OECD countries, ICT's share of total world trade from 75% in 1997 to 2007 52%. United States and Japan compete for ICT exports has been a world leader. ICT exports in the United States before 2004 is quite a long period of absolute advantage, Japan and the EU-15 exports of ICT products has been hard to compete with, ahead of Japan in 2000 before the EU-15, 2000, the EU-15 gradually overtaken Japan, after 2004 even more than the United States. The United States is the world's largest importer of ICT products in 2007, imports amounted to 273 billion U.S. dollars. In Europe, Germany is Europe's largest ICT products import and export countries.
United States and Japan's technological strength is also reflected in the innovative capacity of these countries and the people's entrepreneurial spirit and entrepreneurial activities. United States, Japan and European countries occupy the Global Competitiveness Report innovation most of the top 20 list seats. In entrepreneurship, the United States early entrepreneurial activity is the world's most active; followed by the European Union; in recent years Japan has become more active in entrepreneurial activity in 2008 has reached the EU average. To the early entrepreneurial activity, the United States the level of activity than all other innovation-based economy, and the number of entrepreneurs involved in the technology industry tend to increase. |
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By :
Jessie Stone
Submitted
2010-10-29 22:42:14 |
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